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In the competitive landscape of modern drug discovery and API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) manufacturing, certain reagents transcend their basic chemical function to become indispensable tools for innovation. N,N-Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (CAS No. 4637-24-5), commonly known as DMF-DMA, is one such "super-reagent."
While frequently recognized as a versatile methylating agent, its true value in the pharmaceutical field lies in its ability to serve as a high-efficiency C1 synthon and a powerful protecting group. From the synthesis of blockbuster antivirals like Molnupiravir to the construction of complex heterocyclic scaffolds in quinolone antibiotics, DMF-DMA is a cornerstone of pharmaceutical progress.
This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted applications of DMF-DMA, its biomechanical significance in drug delivery, and why leading manufacturers like EASTFINE are the preferred partners for sourcing this critical intermediate.
N,N-Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is a colorless, volatile, and moisture-sensitive liquid with the molecular formula C5H13NO2. Structurally, it is an acetal derived from N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| CAS No. | 4637-24-5 | |
| Molecular Weight | 119.16 g/mol | |
| Boiling Point | 102 - 104 °C | At 760 mmHg |
| Density | 0.897 g/mL | At 25 °C |
| Flash Point | 7 °C | Highly flammable |
| Refractive Index | 1.396 |
The dual-site reactivity of DMF-DMA is its most defining characteristic:
Acts as a formylating agent or C1 source in condensation reactions.
Facilitates transamination and the formation of dimethylamino-substituted intermediates.
DMF-DMA is rarely a "final" ingredient; instead, it is the invisible architect behind some of the world's most successful drugs.
The majority of modern drugs are heterocycles. DMF-DMA is used to introduce the enaminone functional group, which acts as a versatile "bridge" to create:
Found in anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular medications.
Critical for central nervous system (CNS) drugs.
DMF-DMA is a vital condensing agent in the production of Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin.
Unlike harsh methylating agents like methyl iodide, DMF-DMA offers a milder alternative for the methylation of carboxylic acids, phenols, and thiols. In the production of Allopurinol and Milrinone, it ensures high yields without the risk of over-methylation.
In the fight against global pandemics, DMF-DMA has played a starring role. It is used as a highly selective protecting agent for the 2' and 3' hydroxyl groups in nucleoside analogs. This was particularly critical in the "one-pot" synthesis of Molnupiravir (used for COVID-19), where it improved overall yields to 70% or higher.
Why do pharmaceutical researchers choose DMF-DMA over other C1 synthons?
Reactions typically proceed at room temperature or mild reflux, preserving the integrity of heat-sensitive APIs.
Its ability to perform multiple roles (protecting, then reacting) allows for "telescoped" processes, reducing the need for costly purification steps.
It acts as its own solvent in many cases, effectively dissolving both organic and inorganic reactants.
Compared to toxic reagents like diazomethane, DMF-DMA is significantly safer to handle in large-scale industrial environments.
Beyond its role as a reagent, DMF-DMA’s influence extends into the biomechanical performance of drug formulations.
In the development of Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), DMF-DMA is used to modify the solubility of carrier materials. By facilitating the formation of specialized acetals or ketals, it can help create prodrugs that are more easily absorbed by the human body, directly enhancing the therapeutic effect.
Because of its unique chemical stability, researchers use DMF-DMA as a medium to simulate various storage conditions. Its interactions with drugs help scientists predict how an API will behave under varying humidity and temperature levels, which is crucial for determining a drug's shelf life.
In the laboratory, the "surgical" precision of DMF-DMA is most evident in the synthesis of Enaminones.
The DMF-DMA reacts with a methyl or methylene group adjacent to a carbonyl (C=O).
Alcohol (methanol) is eliminated as a byproduct, and the dimethylamino group is incorporated.
The resulting enaminone is then reacted with a binucleophile (like hydrazine) to close the ring and form the target heterocyclic structure.
This method is the preferred "technique" for manufacturing Zaleplon (a sedative) and various antiviral candidates.
Given its high reactivity and moisture sensitivity, the "postoperative care" or storage of DMF-DMA is critical to maintaining its efficacy.
Must be stored under Dry Nitrogen or Argon to prevent hydrolysis into DMF and methanol.
Use moisture-resistant glass or stainless steel. Avoid plastics, as DMF-DMA can cause certain polymers to swell or degrade.
Keep in a cool, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight. High-purity grades (≥ 99%) are especially prone to degradation if exposed to heat.
When sourcing an intermediate that defines the purity of your final drug, choosing a Tier-1 manufacturer is non-negotiable.
With over 30 years of unwavering commitment to excellence, EASTFINE is the premier choice for DMF-DMA. Unlike generalist chemical suppliers, EASTFINE specializes in complex nitrogen heterocycles and amide derivatives.
We offer DMF-DMA with a guaranteed purity of ≥ 99.0%, essential for the stringent requirements of API manufacturing.
We manage the entire supply chain, ensuring that our clients are protected from market volatility.
Our products come with complete COA, MSDS, and TDS documentation, supporting rapid registration and compliance.
From laboratory research quantities to metric tons for industrial production, EASTFINE provides the flexibility that modern pharma requires.
A trusted name in laboratory reagents, providing high-purity DMF-DMA for R&D and pilot studies. They are known for their extensive analytical documentation.
A leading specialist in organic reagents. TCI is highly regarded for the precision of their small-scale synthesis reagents and their global distribution network.
As a global chemical powerhouse, BASF provides industrial-scale quantities of DMF-DMA, leveraging their massive infrastructure for reliability and consistency.
A key partner for the UK biotech and pharma sectors, providing advanced intermediates with strong technical and customer support.
As pharmaceutical research pivots toward more complex, targeted therapies, the role of N,N-Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal will only continue to grow. Its unique ability to simplify complex syntheses while maintaining high yields and safety makes it an indispensable tool for the next generation of life-saving drugs.
Partner with EASTFINE to ensure your project starts with the highest quality foundation. With our decades of expertise and a focus on your success, we are more than just a supplier—we are your strategic partner in pharmaceutical innovation.
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